Module 3 Learn More. ) based on data from Johns Hopkins Hospital resulting in 5 prognostically distinct Grade Groups. sales@mcmaster. Generally, a 6-7 is an A (4. Use this formula for each course you have completed. Overview. Typical transfer credit awarded Program type Cumulative GPA Units 1-year certificate 80% 6 units 2-year diploma 75% - 84. Classes begin on or after January 3, 2023- check with program for details. Material certificates included with over 48,000 aluminum, stainless steel, and other metal alloy products. 0 65-69 C C+ 2. The grade point average is only one of several factors that are considered in evaluating your admissibility to a rehabilitation sciences program. 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. Boolean Operators: A Cheat Sheet. 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. At least three final Grade 12 U andor M grades PLUS enrollment in the appropriate additional three Grade 12 U andor M courses. Here is a quick and easy breakdown of the US grading systems. 2010. 3. Also known as check weighers, these scales verify quality and consistency in packing, parts machining, and other activities. Letter Grade: Percentage: 12-Point: 4. Hardness: Rockwell B80 (Medium) Heat Treatable: Yes. In stock and ready to ship. Information Source: McMaster University - Grade point. This new system was validated in a multi-institutional study of over 20,000 radical prostatectomy specimens, over 16,000 needle biopsy specimens, and over 5,000. Can J Rehabil 1993; 7:14-16. Repeated Courses: Core courses may be repeated in a subsequent semester. Grade point values range from 12 (an A+) to 0 (an F). 0 3. Classes begin on or after January 4, 2021- check with program for details. 22232, for information about transfer options and application procedures. One of the aims of the GRADE Working Group has been to develop a single system that would reduce confusion arising from a legion of multiple conflicting systems for grading evidence and recommendations and serve as unifying lingua franca. the Activity Inventory of the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment. Many guideline organizations and medical societies have endorsed the system and adopted it for their guideline processes. For details on McMaster’s grading scale, please visit This post is about the 12 point grading system that McMaster has (one of the only schools that does) and why it's a highly flawed system of scoring everyone's GPA. doi: 10. In stock and ready to ship. edu. Choose from our selection of metal bar grating, fiberglass bar grating, plank grating, and more. 0 scale. Class Start Dates *. The following table shows the undergraduate grading system used at McMaster University with the equivalent 4. Electronic address: [email protected] per hour. 24 at Online Metals. 24545Grading System in Canada - Ontario. Electronic address: Rmustafa@kumc. Plan ahead with the final exam calculator and compare your GPA with various grading standards. In the context of newer risk of bias instruments, such as Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies I (ROBINS-I),. e) A student receiving an “I” grade should not re-register in the course in the following semester. However, no course for which a grade of less than C- (60%) has been achieved will be considered. • Achieve a minimum cumulative average (CA) of 9. In stock and ready to ship. CryptoFollow the step-by-step instructions below to design your McMaster transcript request form: Select the document you want to sign and click Upload. However, the 12 point GPA scale is by and large only relevant when. Undergraduate Studies/Programs. Mastery-based grading focuses on learners mastering concepts rather than achieving. Provide the following values: Your current Cumulative GPA. degree in Mechanical Engineering can be satisfied through full or part-time study. We include only university undergraduate credit courses from Canadian and American universities in the OMSAS grade point average (GPA). 0 scale. Historien om McMaster karakterskalaenGrading System Type: Pass/Fail Type (one or two passing grades) AMCAS Grades A A- B B- F AMCAS Weights 4. Thursday, December 8. Media Team @Educationnewshub. Target / Desired GPA: Remaining / Planned Credits: This calculator will help you to determine what GPA you need to achieve over the next term in order to reach your desired Cumulative GPA. 0), and a 5 is a B (3. Taper Pins. Skalaen går fra A+ til F, hvor A+ er den højeste karakter og F er den laveste. The letter grade system is the most widely used grading scale in the United States, while there are other options. Roy McMaster a la dècada de 1940 per estandarditzar les qualificacions a les universitats canadenques. In our 0–100% numeric grading system, the pass mark is 40%. Choose from our selection of metal bar grating, narrow-opening metal bar grating, metal bar grating stair treads, and more. The University of Manchester uses a standards-based approach by assessing the performance of students against a pre-determined set of learning outcomes and standards. 25-in. PVC- coated steel combines the strength of steel with the corrosion resistance of plastic. Racks should only be moved one unit at a time. Leveling Washers for U-Channels. Email Icon [email protected] 410 StainlessSteel Threaded Rods—Grade B6. Roy McMaster ngeminyaka yawo-1940s ukuze alinganise izinga emanyuvesi aseCanada. They have sharper barbs than standard barbed hose fittings to grip push-on hose without the need for clamps or ferrules. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact. Central Nervous System Stimulants Methamphetamine Mirtazapine. This option is excellent for students wishing to complete additional course requirements for professional schools, graduate programs, second. Repeated Courses: Core courses may be repeated in a subsequent semester. Choose from our selection of T-slot nuts, including over 1,400 products in a wide range of styles and sizes. You will have your first write in Sept/Oct of your first year and I believe the average on the exam is around 10-15%. There are two sets of modules:. Nilikha ng. Classes begin on or after September 1, 2022- check with program for details. tive, so will require higher scores). E. Thursday, March 30 to. . The 12 scale behaves like the percentage scale but the 4. Allergy. The accompanying expanded grading system ranges from A to E, with specific grade boundaries determined by an Awards committee comprised of experts from various education sectors. 1111/j. 0). Roy McMaster မှ ဖန်တီးခဲ့ခြင်းဖြစ်သည. GGG-R-791H, which establishes uniform standards for ruler accuracy, graduations, and size. Style B bridge two bearing bars. , evidence) upon which it is based. 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS3002, Kansas City, KS 66160; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University. Use them as gaskets. Students from other university Nursing programs should contact the McMaster Nursing program office at 905‑525‑9140, ext. In our 0–100% numeric grading system, the pass mark is 40%. La McMaster Grading Scale va ser creada pel professor A. American schools commonly use the A to F grading scale in grading assignments, tests, and other school works. S. Official transcript: This document must include an English translation and explanation of the home university grading system. You need 75% to get a 3. 42K Members. 0 scale. 0-point scale GPA that is most commonly used outside of Mac. The end result of that journey—the 100-point grading system in its current permutation—is a “badly lopsided scale that is heavily gamed against the student,” say the researchers James Carifio and Theodore Carey, who studied topics like cognitive psychology and assessment at the University of Massachusetts–Lowell. A grade conversion setup and legend such intelligence our contemporary and historical grading skales and how your grades will appear switch your official transcript. Some other programs (eg. Grade and Return. 5 80-89 A A 4. ). UWO does not issue a grade point average for students. 2) Walking outdoors, over rough ground, ramps, and curbs. Until an appealed grade has been finalized, the original grade will be used for all GPA calculations. Classes begin on or after September 2, 2020- check with program for details. Filter Sleeves for UndergroundPerforated Drain Pipe. Policies, Procedures & Guidelines. These online learning modules are designed to help guideline developers and authors of systematic reviews learn how to use the GRADE approach to grade the evidence in. Notes. Thursday, April 13. For example, my department, Philosophy, has a mandatory two-week turnaround period. In our 0–100% numeric grading system, the pass mark is 40%. Choose My Signature. Metric Stainless Steel Thread-LockingButton Head Hex Drive Screws. Tuesday, July 5 to. The following are guidelines for using the McMaster grading scale: What is a transcript? A transcript is a copy of your permanent academic record at McMaster University, duly certified by the Registrar’s signature and the University crest on all pages. The Boolean operators, AND, OR, and NOT, help you construct a logical search. A- 10 80-84 B+ : 9 . 0 Effective May 1, 2010 - Graduate Percentage Grade Letter Grade UManitoba Grade UManitoba GPA 90-100 A+ A+ 4. The basis for a new grading system was proposed in 2013 by one of the authors (J. Miller P, Gowland C, Crowe J, et al. The grading scale in the table below is the most common one. The blades open when your roof-mounted exhaust fan goes on and close when it's off, preventing backdrafts. 0. We’ve detailed a guide regarding final grade submission in the following guide: is the grading system found to be most commonly used in United States public high schools, according to the 2009 High School Transcript Study. Marika Brown (Photo by Sarah Bodri) Through the pandemic the McMaster community has demonstrated remarkable adaptability and resilience while exploring new approaches to teaching and learning. When the. Saw Blade Bushings. Hi, I m still kind of confused with the mcmaster grading system, so i just wanted to get clarification from some people. Slide this ruler across the surface of plans, maps, and blueprints and read the measurement on the digital display in one of 111 different scales including inches, feet, yards, miles, centimeters, meters, kilometers, or a scale you define. nursing) also have a wider variety of course weights. In terms of the internal course grades in your IB Diploma Programme, the 1-7 scale is generally converted with a conversion guide provided by the school. This will give you the equivalent US GPA on a 4. Thursday, December 10. 5 60-64 C C 2. @DebaterMAX. From what I know you still need to meet the. The conversion is based on: Edit: Dammit, ninja'd. yavapai regional medical center physical rehabilitation services womac osteoarthritis index questionnaire rehabilitation services pt tha/tka womac questionnaireBecause the flanges are molded into the body for a wide sealing surface, these joints provide a tighter seal than other expansion joints. Naisip mo na ba kung ano ang grading scale para sa iyong mga kurso sa McMaster? Malamang, hindi ito isang tanong na nasa isip mo mula noong nagsimula ka sa unibersidad – ngunit tulad ng natutuklasan ng ilan sa iyo ngayon, ito ay isang mahalagang tanong na itanong. Similar to other types of standards-based grading systems, mastery grading requires the learning objectives be explicitly. 0 scale. 8. McMaster GRADE Centre . Yet there is a central paradox: while GRADE has evolved through the. The conventional grading scale includes A+, A, A-, B+, B-, B-, C+, C-, D+, D, D- and F, with A+ being the highest grade and F being the lowest. Do 5 unit courses even exist? Yes, within the faculty of engineering, course weights for courses vary depending on the requirements for the course (labs, tutorials, etc. Health Sciences Libraries. With the highest lead content of all the brass alloys, 360 offers the best machinability. The corresponding grade point values are listed in the Academic Calendar. Admissions-applicant technical issues. 5 80-89 A A 4. For example, an A in an AP course, normally a 4. To get the 4-scale GPA, you would add up all of the corresponding grades relative to the 12-scale. Cuello Garcia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada . For details on McMaster’s grading scale, please visit post is about the 12 point grading system that McMaster has (one of the only schools that does) and why it's a highly flawed system of scoring everyone's GPA. DeGroote School of Medicine, known as the McMaster University School of Medicine prior to 2004, is the medical school of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. They have a thread locker to prevent loosening from vibration. An overview of the GRADE approach and grading quality of evidence about interventions. Brozek JL, Akl EA, Alonso-Coello P, et al. e. Choose from our selection of commercial shelving, including wall-mount shelving, shelving, and more. With a the move of the Cochrane Canada Centre to McMaster University and its collocation with the convenors of the Cochrane GRADEing Methods Group, we will upscale support even more; methodological support for GRADE and (i)SoFs will become a core activity of the Cochrane Canada Centre; this addresses our chronic lack of funding to provide support This chart is used for converting individual grades only. 2 products. Install these filters between your high-vacuum chamber and the inlet of your pump to remove dust, water vapor, and other contaminants from the system and protect the pump. Phone Icon 905-525-9140 ext 26943. 5 or greater should be rounded up before conversion to a letter grade. In stock and ready to ship. Then enter the weight for the remaining assignment/exam and the desired final grade. Determine learning objectives. We focus on the common scenario when studies directly evaluating the effect of diagnostic and other tests or strategies on. 3) Walking outdoors several blocks. Nails. 3 and a 12 is a 4 and this could be found out if you search up ("mcmaster grading system"). 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5. Mount these trolleys to your existing beam to create a cable and hose travel system. Flanges mate with a same-size flat-surface Class 150 flange without the need for a gasket. Does anyone else dislike Canvas's grading system? Professor not being transparent. 3 points out of 4. English is the language of instruction at McMaster. This tool will determine what grade (percentage) you need on your final exam in order to get a certain grade in a class. They meet Fed. Analyse Learning. Address Information. : you cannot submit a college level prerequisite course as a non-degree student). Units earned from a successfully completed PIC will be counted in the units required for a student’s degree as applicable. In stock and ready to ship. Usually, teachers will have weighted categories that determine your grade: Homework, Classwork, Test/Quizzes, and the dreadful Final. Isilinganiso sisuka koku-1 (ikhwalithi ephansi kakhulu) siye ku-4 (ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu), futhi sisetshenziselwa ukwaba amamaki kuyo yonke imikhakha emanyuvesi aseCanada. Afzal says thanks to RememberTwce for this post. The Working Group is a collaboration of health. They have a thread locker to prevent loosening from vibration. For a course with an enrolment of 500 or more students and a final examination with a multiple-choice Affiliations. Flame-Retardant Slit Corrugated Sleeving. A GPA or ‘Grade Point Average’ is a very common metric for assessing student attainment. McMaster takes the academic success, health and emotional well-being of our undergraduate students. McMaster Grading Scale se yon sistèm pou bay nòt papye akademik bakaloreya. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE ) approach provides a system for rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations that is explicit, comprehensive, transparent, and pragmatic and is increasingly being adopted by organisations worldwide. 4% in 2017. 5 becomes a B, and so on. When interpreting marks over 40%, reference may be made to the classes in which undergraduate degrees (bachelor's. ca. 5 70-74 B B 3. Channel-Travel Hoist Cable Trolley Systems These systems include a series of small trolleys that travel along steel channel so they are stronger and run straighter than wire rope-travel systems and are better for high speeds. r/SDSU. Sc. Style A require a hole in the support structure and secure to the structure with a hex head cap screw (not included). With a the move of the Cochrane Canada Centre to McMaster University and its collocation with the convenors of the Cochrane GRADEing Methods Group, we will upscale support even more; methodological support for. Threads below the adjustment knob and an included panel-mount nut allow you to add these valves to your instrument panel. According to the university’s website, admission rates rose from 13. Show more. In 2007, an expert committee at the WHO developed 23 separate recommendations, and a number of research recommendations for or against the. In stock and ready to ship. McMaster will not typically accept transfer applications from students already in a Nursing program elsewhere. Thursday, November 26 to. Spec. An overview of the GRADE approach and grading quality of evidence about interventions. Contact us through email. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8. Letter grades are not entered and credit from other institutions will not count towards your McMaster grade point average (GPA). ca. 0 scale. Top 2% Rank by size. 2. A mark of B+ covers the same range of percentages at York and McGill. Reduce the arbor hole size on flap wheels so they'll fit the shaft of your tool. Impairment Inventory is scored on a 7-point scale: 1 = Flaccid paralysis. Please note: Professional development programs and courses are graded with a pass/fail value and are not included on an official McMaster transcript. Use it for binding loads, tie downs, and towing applications. About McMaster . Although GRADE has been widely endorsed, the way it is being. 1,842 products. Choose from our selection of gear oil, slide and way oil, hydraulic oil, and more. 5% in 2000 to 42. Grade inflation (also known as. The academic grading system in Latvia is using ten-point scale, where "10" (Latvian: desmit) is the highest achievable grade, and "1" (Latvian: viens) is awarded for extremely poor performance. 00 per hour. Often used for dies, punches, and gauges, O1 tool steel is an oil-hardening material that resists wear and abrasion. I am prospective student. 5 on the McMaster Grading System in the Fall 2023 term (please see the 2023-2024 McMaster Undergraduate Calendar for the complete Grading System). 7 Urology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN. then you add them all up and divide by the total units. 3. McMaster Grading Scale er et system til bedømmelse af akademiske artikler. 0) Learn More. Below is the original description 1-3: grade 0 (none): definite absence of x-ray changes of osteoarthritis; grade 1 (doubtful): doubtful joint space narrowing and possible osteophytic lipping McMaster has a PPI which is a MCQ exam encompassing all information expected to be taught over the course of the three year curriculum. Academics. What is mcmaster grading scale? Grade point values range from 12 (an A+) to 0 (an F). 7 0. Choose from our selection of brass float valves, extra-compact plastic float valves, float valve bodies for water, and more. =. For Grades 1 to 12. Max. 7. For example, if you get a 9, its considered a 3. In accordance with the above provincial regulations, McMaster requires students to register annually, and to confirm their status as a full-time graduate student. Toolroom Grade B plates are for checking work throughout a shop. Official transcript: This document must include an English translation and explanation of the home university grading system. Letter of Permission is a formal document which allows a McMaster. Great question. E. ca ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES (The Hub) Services include managing keys and access cards, meeting rooms, course evaluations and more. Even in low temperatures, A516 carbon steel resists breaking upon impact. These outlet strips mount to a wall with clips and hardwire to an existing electrical system. 0 scale. Subject to degree, grade, and program requirements, any course offered for credit by an accredited university shall be accepted for credit by McMaster when there is an essential equivalency in course content. Repeated Courses: Core courses may be repeated in a subsequent semester. You will have your first write in Sept/Oct of your first year and I believe the average on the exam is around 10-15%. Stop dragging a step stool to the same place again and again— permanently mount these short stairs where you need them. To calculate your Cumulative Average, you multiply the grade received in a course by the number of units in this course. A course may only be repeated once. Styles C-F hook onto the support structure and are connected by a bolt to the plate on top of the grating. Below is the original description 1-3: grade 0 (none): definite absence of x-ray changes of osteoarthritis; grade 1 (doubtful): doubtful joint space narrowing and possible osteophytic lippingMcMaster has a PPI which is a MCQ exam encompassing all information expected to be taught over the course of the three year curriculum. 76 products. ) They are a means by which students may review their academic. co. Your Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) is a weighted average based on the grades obtained in all of the courses that you have taken at McMaster University. 27850 Fax: 905-522-6095 E-mail: canchild@mcmaster. Go to McMaster r/McMaster •. It is calculated using the grades for each piece of coursework or assessment you complete. Wrong grade on grade report: lululand: Academics: 35: 04-30-2010 07:13 PM: Can someone point me in the right direction?Tuesday, August 4. 0 scale because I've seen different ways to calculate it leading to a different answer final score. Contact us through email. I have seen a combination. McMaster: 7: Simon Fraser: 7 :Numerous variations of the Kellgren and Lawrence classification system have been used in research 3. 77-79 . 5 80-89 A A 4. The number of credits you've completed so far. Specifications Met: ASTM A516. Teaching and Learning at McMaster. 0 GPA, or Grade Point Average, is equivalent to a B letter grade on a 4. 0 GPA scale. g. Ultra-Machinable 360 Brass Hex Bars. Percentage Grade Letter Grade UManitoba Grade UManitoba GPA 90-100 A A+ 4. Made of Grade B7 steel, the tensile strength of these threaded rods is one and a half times higher than low-strength steel threaded rods. Reducing stress and increasing engagement with “contract grading”. McMaster uses a 12 point grading scale with 12 equivalent to A+ and 0 equivalent to an F. 65. A mark of B+ covers the same range of percentages at York and McGill. 7 products. It's often used for gears, fasteners, and structural applications. Ontario Letter Grade. University Grading System In Australia . Choose from our selection of metal bar grating, fiberglass bar grating, narrow-opening metal bar grating, and more. GPA calculation is based on the 12 point system. 05-16-2012 at 09:. Place around a hex head screw or nut and attach wire to prevent it from loosening. The following table shows the undergraduate Grading Scale used at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) with the addition of the equivalent 4. 20. Shims. Official transcripts stating your degree awarded and conferral date will be available the day after convocation. Leave rich feedback with flexible grading tools and share frequently-used comments with your team. Final Grade Submission. Analyse Learning. ). Numerous variations of the Kellgren and Lawrence classification system have been used in research 3. DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre and McMaster GRADE Centres, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Department of Medicine,. Bond and repair nosing and stair treads with this thick, two-part epoxy. Cotter pins are not included. In the context of newer risk of bias instruments, such as Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies I (ROBINS-I. In stock and ready to ship. 25 McMaster GRADE Centre & Michael DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. This post is about the 12 point grading system that McMaster has (one of the only schools that does) and why it's a highly flawed system of scoring everyone's GPA. Brackets are sized to mount sensors and reflectors to a conveyor frame. Using a client-centred approach, physiotherapists work with people to: prevent disability and chronic conditions, maximize the ability to move and function, and improve health, wellness, and quality of life. Prepared by Holger Schünemann and Nancy Santesso. 00 wherein 4. These grades will be excluded from the calculation of the GPA. Class start dates vary - check with program for details. Gilmour Hall, Room 212. Module 3 Learn More. SECTION D: MCMASTER UNIVERSITY GRADING SCALE . This tool will help you quickly convert marks between different grading systems. Easy-to-Weld 4130 Alloy Steel Rods. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (short GRADE) working group began in the year 2000 as an informal collaboration of people with an interest in addressing the shortcomings of grading systems in health care. Introduction. 0. Wheel objects around your workspace on these carts, then fold the carts flat so they take up minimal space in storage. Covers have 1/4" diameter countersunk mounting holes. (6. Turntable-Top Foot-Operated Mobile Lift Tables. Level, align, and adjust spacing on fasteners, shafts, and machine components. In stock and ready to ship. Grade Calculator. grading system. These sheets and strips have one layer of cotton/polyester fabric for every 1/16" of thickness, so they maintain their size and shape under heavy compression better than the standard nonreinforced multipurpose neoprene. Our easy to use international GPA calculator can help you convert your Canadian university grades to US GPA scale. guyatt@mcmaster. 0 3. F. The grading system of the University changed in Fall 2001. 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5. 5 on the McMaster Grading System in the Fall 2023 term (please see the 2023-2024 McMaster Undergraduate Calendar for the complete Grading System). Glossary of academic terms. Provost & Vice-President (Academic) Strategic Plan. Fittings have male ends with a slightly smaller diameter to press-fit into duct. About GRADE The GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) is a method of grading the quality of evidence and the. Then it comes to calculate the GPA for the evaluation of the overall outcome for class 11 or 12. A course may only be repeated once. Affiliations 1 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C14, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Extract deeper insights with Crowdmark’s API. I am wondering how the grading system as McMaster works. Twitter YouTube. Made of 1000 series aluminum which is 99% pure, this aluminum offers superior formability, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity. 0 GPA? A 3. មាត្រដ្ឋាន McMaster Grading Scale. The grade point average is only one of the several factors that are considered in evaluating your admissibility to medical school. Compare your individual grades to a 4. McMaster University Chile Universidad de Chile 10 UD = 6 ECTS Zhejiang University 1 credit = 10 teachin g hours = 1 credit = 1,6 ECTS Tongji University 1 credit = 2 ECTS China Beijing Normal University, Business School 1 credit = 2-2,5 ECTS Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong PolyUGRADE is widely used internationally by over 110 organizations to address topics related to clinical medicine, public health, coverage decisions, health policy, and environmental health. The School of Graduate Studies. Schünemann said that Cochrane Canada and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Centre at McMaster will develop, disseminate and evaluate six evidence. Join Date: Jul 2007. 3)/2=3. Use our. The minimal passing grade is "4" (Latvian: četri). O1 Tool Steel Sheets and Bars. Equivalent Percentages .